Skip to main content
Dataset Overview | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)

Surface underway measurements of fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2, seawater and atmospheric), water temperature and salinity from 4 cruises in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, collected onboard NOAA Ship Ka'imimoana in 2006 (NCEI Accession 0157345)

browse graphicPreview graphic
This dataset contains data from underway fCO2 (seawater and atmospheric), temperature, and salinity measurements collected on 4 equatorial Pacific cruises from 2006-01-13 to 2006-08-01 as part of a ship-of-opportunity time-series. Cruise names and expocodes: KA2006_01 (33KM20060113), KA2006_02 (33KM20060401), KA2006_03 (33KM20060531), KA2006_04 (33KM20060707). Since 1982, NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory has made underway CO2 observations in the equatorial Pacific as a companion project to the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array. This effort was conducted with the support of NOAA's Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program.
  • Cite as: Feely, Richard A.; Cosca, Catherine E. (2016). Surface underway measurements of fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2, seawater and atmospheric), water temperature and salinity from 4 cruises in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, collected onboard NOAA Ship Ka'imimoana in 2006 (NCEI Accession 0157345). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.vos_kaimimoana_2006. Accessed [date].
gov.noaa.nodc:0157345
Download Data
  • HTTPS (download)
    Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download.
  • FTP (download)
    These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).
Distribution Formats
  • CSV
Ordering Instructions Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
Distributor NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
+1-301-713-3277
NCEI.Info@noaa.gov
Dataset Point of Contact NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
ncei.info@noaa.gov
Time Period 2006-01-13 to 2006-08-01
Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates
West: 164.7729
East: -90.2902
South: -13.737883
North: 29.576683
Spatial Coverage Map
General Documentation
Associated Resources
  • Feely, R. and C. Cosca (2014). Sea Surface and Atmospheric fCO2 measurements in the Pacific Ocean during 2006 VOS project line onboard the NOAA Ship Ka'imimoana. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, VOS_Kaimimoana_KA2006_01, VOS_Kaimimoana_KA2006_02, VOS_Kaimimoana_KA2006_03, VOS_Kaimimoana_KA2006_04.
  • Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Lüger, H., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Feely, R. A., & Cosca, C. E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005
  • Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, H.B. Milburn, C.E. Cosca, M. Stapp, and P.P. Murphy, A new automated underway system for making high precision pCO2 measurements onboard research ships, Analytica Chim. Acta, 377, 185-191, 1998.
  • Wanninkhof, R., & Thoning, K. (1993). Measurement of fugacity of CO2 in surface water using continuous and discrete sampling methods. Marine Chemistry, 44(2–4), 189–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(93)90202-y
  • R/V Ka'imimoana Cruises
  • NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system
Publication Dates
  • publication: 2016-12-09
  • revision: 2022-12-09
Data Presentation Form Digital table - digital representation of facts or figures systematically displayed, especially in columns
Dataset Progress Status Complete - production of the data has been completed
Historical archive - data has been stored in an offline storage facility
Data Update Frequency As needed
Supplemental Information
These data were acquired by NCEI from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) in accordance with an archival submission agreement between CDIAC and NCEI.

In this accession, NCEI has archived multiple versions of these data. The latest (and best) version of these data has the largest version number.
Purpose This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis.
Use Limitations
  • accessLevel: Public
  • Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
Dataset Citation
  • Cite as: Feely, Richard A.; Cosca, Catherine E. (2016). Surface underway measurements of fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2, seawater and atmospheric), water temperature and salinity from 4 cruises in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, collected onboard NOAA Ship Ka'imimoana in 2006 (NCEI Accession 0157345). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.vos_kaimimoana_2006. Accessed [date].
Cited Authors
Principal Investigators
Contributors
Resource Providers
Publishers
Acknowledgments
  • Funding Information: NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program (Surface Water pCO2 Measurements from Ships)
Theme keywords NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS WMO_CategoryCode
  • oceanography
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords OCADS Study Type
  • Surface underway
Provider Variable Abbreviations
  • SAL(TSG)_PERMIL
  • SST(TSG)_C
  • fCO2W@SST_uatm
  • pCO2A_uatm, fCO2A_uatm
  • xCO2A_interpolated_ppm
  • xCO2A_ppm
  • xCO2W_ppm
Data Center keywords NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
Platform keywords NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes
Instrument keywords NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
Place keywords NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords Provider Geographic Names
  • Pacific Ocean
Project keywords NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Cruise ID
  • KA2006_01
  • KA2006_02
  • KA2006_03
  • KA2006_04
EXPOCODE
  • 33KM20060113
  • 33KM20060401
  • 33KM20060531
  • 33KM20060707
Ocean Acidification Search Keywords
  • Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project
Reference Section ID
  • SOOP
Keywords NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER
Use Constraints
  • Cite as: Feely, Richard A.; Cosca, Catherine E. (2016). Surface underway measurements of fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2, seawater and atmospheric), water temperature and salinity from 4 cruises in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, collected onboard NOAA Ship Ka'imimoana in 2006 (NCEI Accession 0157345). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.vos_kaimimoana_2006. Accessed [date].
Access Constraints
  • Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
Fees
  • In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps
  • 2016-12-09T13:19:10Z - NCEI Accession 0157345 v1.1 was published.
  • 2022-12-09T20:52:27Z - NCEI Accession 0157345 was revised and v2.2 was published.
    Rationale: Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
Output Datasets
Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps
  • Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: fCO2W@SST_uatm; Unit: uatm; Observation type: Surface underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Location of seawater intake: Bow; Analyzing instrument: General Oceanics 8050. PMEL system ID: PMEL3; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The sampling and analyzing methods of the Neill/General Oceanics Underway pCO2 systems are described in detail in: Pierrot, D.; Neill, C.; Sullivan, K.; Castle, R.; Wanninkhof, R.; Luger, H.; Johannessen, T.; Olsen, A.; Feely, R.A.; and Cosca, C.E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep-Sea Res., II, v. 56, pp. 512-522.; Equilibrator type: Shower head; Equilibrator volume: ~0.5 L; Is the equilibrator vented or not: Vented; Water flow rate: 3 L/min; Gas flow rate: ~0.8 L/m; How was temperature inside the equilibrator measured: Hart Scientific model 1521 digital thermometer, serial number A71211, with an NIST traceable model 5610 thermistor probe, serial number A692802. Accurate to ± 0.01°C.; How was pressure inside the equilibrator measured: Setra 239 differential pressure transducer, accurate to ± 0.15 hPa. The equilibrator was passively vented to a secondary equilibrator, and the Licor sample output was vented to the laboratory when CO2 measurements were made, thus equilibrator headspace pressure was assumed to be laboratory pressure. Pressure in the laboratory was measured with a GE Druck barometer, with an accuracy of ± 0.01 %fs.; Drying method for gas: From Pierrot, et al.: Sample air is dried in a condenser that is cooled to 4-5 °C by a Peltier thermoelectric device. This partially dried air flushes a chamber that is vented and remains at ambient pressure. The dried air inside the chamber is used as the counter flow in the Nafion® tubing. A vacuum pump pulls the dried air from the chamber first through a fixed restrictor and then through the Nafion® tubes, thus creating an absolute pressure and corresponding partial pressure gradient for water vapor across the membrane. When atmospheric air is measured, some of the partially dried air (80- 100 ml/min) is pushed through a Nafion® tube, the analyzer and out a vent instead of flushing the chamber. The headspace gas, when being measured, is circulated in a closed loop through the analyzer at a rate similar to that of the atmospheric air (80-100 ml/min). It is dried first in the condenser, then in a Nafion® tube prior to entering the analyzer and being returned to the equilibrator. Typically, the water mole fraction (xH2O) in the dried gas is about 2 parts per thousand (ppt), which corresponds to a dew point temperature of about -20 °C. The liquid water condensed out of the sample air streams is removed by peristaltic pumps into the vent equilibrator at intervals determined by the user.; SEA CO2 gas detector manufacturer: Licor, Inc; SEA CO2 gas detector model: Licor 6262, IRG3-1295; SEA CO2 gas detector resolution: 0.2 µatm; SEA CO2 gas detector uncertainty: 0.3 µatm for equilibrator measurements, 0.2 µatm for atmospheric measurements; Standardization technique: The system runs a full cycle in approximately 112 minutes. The cycle starts with 4 standard gases, then measures three rounds of 10 atmopherice samples followed by 60 surface water samples. Each new gas is flushed through the Licor Analyzer for 4 minutes prior to a 10 second reading from the analyzer during which the sample cell is open to the atmosphere. Subsequent samples of the same gas are flushed through the Licor Analyzer for 30 seconds prior to a stop-flow measurement.; Standardization frequency: Every 112 minutes; Standard gas manufacturer: Standard gases are supplied by NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, in Boulder, CO, and are directly traceable to the WMO scale.; Standard gas concentration: CA04403, 363.96 ppm; CA06867, 421.13 ppm; CC115011, 466.38 ppm; CA05395, 496.11 ppm; Standard gas uncertainty: 0.01 ppm; Water vapor correction method: Details of the data reduction are described in Pierrot, et.al. (2009).; Temperature correction method: Details of the data reduction are described in Pierrot, et.al. (2009).; At what temperature was pCO2 reported: In situ sea surface temperature; Uncertainty: ± 2 µatm; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Method reference: Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Lüger, H., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Feely, R. A., & Cosca, C. E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005; Researcher name: Catherine E. Cosca; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
  • Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Temperature; Abbreviation: SST(TSG)_C; Unit: Degree Celcius; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seabird Electronics 38, maintained and calibrated yearly by ship personnel; Uncertainty: 0.0025°C.
  • Parameter or Variable: Salinity; Abbreviation: SAL(TSG)_PERMIL; Unit: permil; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seabird Electronics 38, maintained and calibrated yearly by ship personnel; Uncertainty: 0.005 PSU.
  • Parameter or Variable: Mole fraction of CO2 in the equilibrator headspace (dry) at equilibrator temperature; Abbreviation: xCO2W_ppm; Unit: ppm; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Licor 6262, IRG3-1295; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Pierrot et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.3 ppm.
  • Parameter or Variable: Mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air associated with each water analysis.; Abbreviation: xCO2A_ppm; Unit: ppm; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters:; Sampling instrument: Licor 6262, IRG3-1295; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Pierrot et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.2 ppm.
  • Parameter or Variable: Mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air associated with each water analysis.; Abbreviation: xCO2A_interpolated_ppm; Unit: ppm; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: Values are interpolated between measurements of xCO2A_ppm; Sampling instrument: Licor 6262, IRG3-1295; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Pierrot et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.2 ppm.
  • Parameter or Variable: Partial pressure and fugacity of CO2 in air corresponding to the interpolated xCO2 (xCO2A_interpolated_ppm) at SST and 100% humidity; Abbreviation: pCO2A_uatm, fCO2A_uatm; Unit: µatm; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: Values are interpolated between measurements of xCO2_ATM_ppm; Sampling instrument: Licor 6262, IRG3-1295; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Pierrot et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.2 µatm .
Acquisition Information (collection)
Instrument
  • barometric pressure sensor
  • carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
  • showerhead equilibrator
  • thermosalinograph
Platform
  • NOAA Ship Ka'imimoana
Last Modified: 2024-03-08T13:21:39Z
For questions about the information on this page, please email: ncei.info@noaa.gov